IT and Web Research Paper Great Recommendations to Get Started

IT and Web Research Paper Great Recommendations to Get Started In your academic journey, you will discover that a research paper is a popular academic assignment that enables you to explore different issues in your area of study. In information technology-related courses, it is likely that you will encounter numerous assignments that require you to research and compile a research paper, whether from a theoretical perspective or a technical point of view. Your tutor may assign you a research paper for different purposes, i.e., to equip you with necessary academic writing skills, to gauge your understanding of the taught concepts, to test your ability to transfer knowledge, to assess your ability to apply class concepts in practice, and test how you synthesize information technology topics. A research paper in IT may provide you with an opportunity to investigate research works of others. It may also be your opportunity to contribute your own research to a particular question of interest in the field. Writing your research paper will further help you practice important academic skills, such as formulating research questions, conducting research, managing time, organizing information into coherent ideas, and presenting insights about the research of the final copy. You need to ask yourself the following questions before you get your hands on the preparation phase of your writing process to understand the paper dynamics and aspects that it should cover. What topic have I chosen for my research and why? What do I know now about the topic? What do I want to find out? What are the controversies of the chosen topic? Did anything surprise me during my IT classes that I need to explore? What has been the most captivating aspect of the material I have encountered so far? Follow the recommendations below to craft an A-grade research paper in information technology. Pre-Writing Tips to Warm Up Before an Actual Writing Prewriting in research is a general term denoting a range of activities that help you begin the writing process. The approach will help you develop ideas for your research, and guide you in exploring and organizing your thoughts before drafting the paper. By engaging in the process, you can also determine your audience and purpose. Below is a list of important prewriting strategies. Selecting a topic. Topic selection is the first and most important element of the research paper writing process. The selected topic should fall within the IT field of study and be manageable and interesting. Ensure that the selected research topic has the potential to add value to the existing IT literature and persuade different stakeholders to adopt certain practices relevant to the field issues. Freewriting. Free writing is freedom as it. The technique involves writing down anything and everything that comes to your mind. You do not need to pay attention to spelling or grammar conventions. Note taking. While conducting your research, take note of the important arguments, themes, theories, statistics, and facts documented in your sources. The process ensures you never miss any major theories and issues that influence the research topic. Clustering. To cluster your ideas into meaningful information, write down major points on a piece of paper. Subsequently, use links to put together matching or related ideas. Clustering helps you to develop themes that create more focus. Once you are done with clustering, outline why the topic and research are significant, the relevant background material, the thesis, and purpose statements, and the organizational plan for major and supporting ideas. Selecting a Topic for Your Research Paper: A Few Ideas from Our Writers The most challenging aspect of writing your IT research paper is selecting an appropriate topic. Here are some tips to help you in choosing one: Select a topic you are interested in to ensure the research paper is informative and relevant; Narrow your ideas to generate a manageable topic. Manageability of a research topic is determined through the scope and information availability. Examples of an appropriate topic for an information technology research paper include: An Integrative Model of IT Business Value: Information Technology Organizational Performance; Management Strategies for Information Systems Management: A Case of Apple Inc.; IT Workplace Organization the Need for Skilled Employees at the Firm-Level; The Role of Technology Resources, Human Resources, and Business Resources in Creating a Competitive Advantage: IT Perspective; IT and Organizational Transformation as Promoters of Business Performance. Creating a Research Paper Title for Your IT Assignment Making up a title is a difficult task. Several ways can be used to develop a research paper title, and while some may appear better than the rest, it is impossible to point out only one as they are all useful in their capacity. Here are a few ideas that can help you develop a research paper title. Do not settle on one. Firstly, you need to do research and come up with probable issues you can explore and write about. You may craft a title once you have a vague idea of what you will discuss in the research paper. However, improve the title as you proceed with the writing and research process. In this case, you may go through several titles before you settle for one. Just do not be in a hurry. Establish the theme of your research paper. Think about the basic ideas you intend to convey in your research paper and avoid vague terms. If you have already come up with a thesis statement, you can use it to develop your title. Establish your research paper audience. If you’re writing an essay in information technology, you may try to hook the audience with something brief and catchy. However, you may want to provide broader ideas of issues and concepts in information technology. Thus, you should consider your audience and ensure you develop an appropriate title that will capture their interest. The research paper aims to capture your readers’ attention and draw them to the research issue you are exploring. Follow the steps below to formulate a suitable topic for your research paper and identify: The purpose of the research; The narrative tone of the paper as defined by the type of research; The methods used in the research; An effective title for your academic research paper should have several characteristics. The title should: Have no abbreviations; Accurately indicate the subject and scope of the study; Have words that create a positive impression and stimulate the reader’s interest; Use current nomenclature from the IT field of study; Identify key variables if the research paper is based on experimentation; Reveal what the paper will discuss and how it is organized; Be limited to 10-15 substantive words; Not have constructions such as â€Å"study of,† â€Å"analysis of† or anything similar; Be in the form of a phrase or question; Use correct grammar and capitalization with all first words and last words capitalized, including the first word of a subtitle. All nouns, pronouns, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs that appear between the first and last words of the title should be capitalized. Formulating a Thesis Statement for Your Research Paper The thesis statement is a sentence that summarizes your research paper content, provides your argument concerning the discussion topic and gives an idea of what to expect. In this case, you should formulate a thesis statement that informs your readers about the subject of your paper and the position you will take in the discussion. Remember that a strong thesis statement requires solid proof. Thus, it should not be merely a statement of fact. Ensure you back it up with detailed supporting evidence that will interest the readers. The following tips are effective for drafting your thesis statement. Know the topic. It is easier to write a thesis statement if you know the topic and are familiar with its content and concepts. Reflecting on the lecture notes and researching will help you know more about your topic. Limit your topic. Based on information gathered and the required length of your research paper, limit your topic to a specific area. A narrow scope of the topic will require a shorter paper while a broad scope will require a wordy and complex paper. Brainstorm. Try to discover new ideas and note them down. Try to come up with common themes based on the generated ideas. In addition to the themes, the chosen topic, and the researched information, you can come up with an appropriate thesis statement. A good thesis statement must: Make a clear, limited, and definite assertion that can be explored and justified using scholarly evidence; Have specific arguments that provide the direction of your paper; Not be too broad for your paper. Otherwise, it would be impossible to explore every aspect of your claim. Ensure the scope projected in the thesis statement is manageable; Present an argument that can be proven or argued against; Show your position on the topic and direction of your argument. Structure of Your IT Research Paper The structure is one of the things you should pay attention to when writing your research. The structure of a research paper is basic, and you can use this layout for any type of it. All papers should have three parts, namely the introduction, the body, and the conclusion. Unlike an essay or a term paper, an IT research paper has almost six parts that form a formal structure of the paper. You should ensure your research paper has the title page, the abstract, the introduction, the body, the conclusion, and the reference section. Each of the sections contains different information and is equally significant. Check the most common way that students can structure their research papers: Title page. The title page contains the title of the paper and is the first element the reader encounters in your paper. Often, it is written on a separate page but can be presented as a stand-alone text as well. However, the title can appear just above the paper’s abstract. Abstract. The abstract summarizes the paper content and includes the research issue and significance of the study, the methods used to conduct research, findings, and their implications. Introduction. This offers a general statement about the research topic and is used to draw people into your writing. It presents the main arguments that the research paper is exploring, namely the thesis statement. The thesis statement, which indicates the information that you’re trying to prove through your paper, should be the idea that controls the entire project. Body. Notably, the body of a research paper presents a literature review. Here, you explore the research that has already been done on the chosen IT concept. The second important element of the body is the methodology section that allows to input information concerning how the research was conducted and what instruments were used in the process. In this case, it shows the way you are going to explore the thesis statement highlighted in the introduction. Thirdly, your research paper must have the results segment, which highlights findings from the conducted study. The last paragraphs should highlight a discussion of the study results, their implications, and relevance to the IT field of study. Conclusion. In this section, provide the general statement about the topic and some final thoughts about the issue at hand. Restate the thesis statement and sum up the major points that were used in the paper to prove the thesis statement. Post Writing Tips: The End Is Near! During the IT research paper writing process, you may err at any point in any of the grammar, sentences, tense, or paragraph mechanics aspects. These errors affect your overall grade. Engage in a review of your research paper to ensure it is free from paragraph, sentence, and word errors. Ensure to reference all the cited sources using appropriate referencing styles.

Inspirational New Years Quotes

Inspirational New Years Quotes Many choose New Years as the time to turn over a new leaf. Smokers vow to kick the foul habit. Some decide to change to a new and improved lifestyle. Habitual spendthrifts decide to mend their ways. And most people who enjoy eating unhealthy food  latch on to the latest dieting fad. New Years symbolizes the birth of hope and the renewal of life. Below are New Years quotes from famous people- and others not quite so famous- that are inspirational enough to help you find your calling. Youll find many of the quotes to be uplifting, with a few tongue-in-cheek thoughts included in the mix. Making a New Start If you are supercharged about making a glorious new beginning this New Years Eve or New Years Day, its a good time to consider creating your New Years resolutions. Pick your favorite peeve and resolve to get rid of the bad stuff. Give up whining and take charge of your life. Thats what the folks in this section recommend through their pithy sayings. Jay Leno: New Years Eve, where auld acquaintance be forgot. Unless, of course, those tests come back positive. Hal Borland: Years end is neither an end nor a beginning but a going on, with all the wisdom that experience can instill in us. Edward Payson Powell: The Old Year has gone. Let the dead past bury its own dead. The New Year has taken possession of the clock of time. All hail the duties and possibilities of the coming 12months! Ringing in the New Year Each new year is like a rebirth, a chance to begin again, or as Oprah Winfrey said, a chance to get it right. Read these quotes and let yourself be inspired to be let go of the old and, essentially, start fresh, and begin a new life. George William Curtis: The new year begins in a snow-storm of white vows. Hartley Coleridge: The merry year is born like the bright berry from the naked thorn. Oprah Winfrey: Cheers to a New Year and another chance for us to get it right. John Burroughs: One resolution I have made, and try always to keep, is this: To rise above the little things. Looking Ahead As the new year begins, dont just look backward: Look ahead. Imagine what your life will be like 20 years from now, as the famous writer Mark Twain said. The choices you make in the new year may affect and direct the course of your life for years, or decades, to come. Mark Twain: Twenty years from now you will be more disappointed by the things that you didn’t do than by the ones you did do. So throw off the bowlines. Sail away from the safe harbor. Catch the trade winds in your sails. Explore. Dream. Discover. G. K. Chesterton: The object of a New Year is not that we should have a new year. It is that we should have a new soul. Benjamin Franklin: Be always at war with your vices, at peace with your neighbors, and let each new year find you a better man. Edith Lovejoy Pierce: We will open the book. Its pages are blank. We are going to put words on them ourselves. The book is called opportunity and its first chapter is New Years Day. Ellen Goodman: We spend January 1 walking through our lives, room by room, drawing up a list of work to be done, cracks to be patched. Maybe this year, to balance the list, we ought to walk through the rooms of our lives...not looking for flaws, but for potential.

Government Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Government - Assignment Example Consensus, on the other hand, is a general agreement among these parts or groups of people. 3. A multi-party system is a political arrangement where parties seeking electoral posts are more than two. They occur in many states such as the UK. People prefer them to the system in the US as they offer the people more choices, and the competition between them leads to the development of better policies to gain an edge over the competition. 5. Having two major parties discourages any upcoming parties as most people are already divided between the parties. The division between the populations on the basis of the parties’ ideologies increases the competition. 11. The nominating process is a serious part of the electoral process. Those nominated, however, are appointed by several influential individuals and not all voters that significantly affects the voters’ right to vote 15. In an open primary, anyone can vote for any party’s candidate regardless of whether they are republican or democrat. In a closed primary, on the other hand, a voter can only vote for someone from their registered party. 23. No person can give more than $2,100 to any federal candidate in a primary election or over $2,100 for the candidates general election campaign. Moreover, no person can contribute more than $5,000 in any year to a political action committee or $26,700 to a national party committee. The total of any persons contributions to federal candidates and committees must be limited to no more than $101,400 in an election cycle (McClenaghan 191). 15. Gerrymandering where the shape of districts if done to the advantage of the political party that, literally, controls. Spreading the opposition thinly throughout the districts limiting their ability to win any

Formal Writing Assignment 3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Formal Writing Assignment 3 - Essay Example it also leads to the acquisition of new ideas and languages. For one to claim that they are living in a globalised society, they must be able to see some notable changes in their society because globalisation is the umbrella term for various advancement changes that occur in a society. for example, the person must be able to identify changes in their culture, experience improvements in their technologies, increased material wealth, increased capital flow, increased immigration and increased link with other societies through transport, trade and communication. A society therefore that has remained stagnant, even in the middle of other fast changing societies, cannot be said to be globalised. The linking is important because it facilitates exchange which results to change. One may be tempted to imagine that the term globalisation is a phenomena that occurs exclusively at the societal level. The truth is that it starts at an individual level. The society is composed of people and not un less its people are willing to embrace any changes, then globalisation will never take place in it. At the same time, people in a globalised society should be able to experience changes within themselves. This brings up the important topic â€Å"Globalization Within My Life.† Globalization within one’s life is not defined by the act of travelling round the world but the ability to consume products, in form of goods, culture and language, from distant lands (Sheila 10). It is a change of behaviour, attitude and reactions towards these goods. In this case, the term goods refers to foreign ideas, products and cultures. One specific aspect of globalization that influences my life is transfer of human capital. Currently, there is massive immigration and emigration of people in and out of societies and my society happens to be experiencing the same trend. My society is America but it is not only composed of Americans or people who are already accustomed to the American cultu re. There is a significant increase of people from countries whose cultures differ significantly from that which is found in the US. Chinese, Japanese, Italians are just but a few examples. From my interactions and observations, I have noted that many of them come to America to work for international companies that have invested in the US, some are businesspeople, tourists, international students and others have come to work in various private and public sector offices. These people have different cultures from those that exist in our American culture. For example, one thing which I noted among the Chinese is that they are more conservative unlike the Americans. Americans are more liberal in their behaviour. Seeing these people flock into my society has increased cultural consciousness in me and the need to work, live, interact and conduct business with them has motivated me to learn their cultures. Colonisation is a form of suppression but globalisation requires decolonisation of o ne’s mind. It requires that the form of liberation that will allow a person’s mind to wander off and integrate with the ideas, cultures and technologies brought in or developed by others. Without bragging, I must say that I have a liberal mind or rather, an uncolonised mind and this has enabled me to transform quickly into a better-rounded person. Heizo and

Public Infrastructure Key Essay Example for Free

Public Infrastructure Key Essay The PKI is a set of hardware, software, procedures and people for the creation, distribution, storing and management of digital certificates. It also maintains the networking environment of an organization by providing management service which could enable digital signature capabilities. It also enabled the users of unsecure public network for exchanging and private cryptographic key pair in order to obtain and share a trusted authority between the management of an organization. For improving an organization, PKI includes use of digital signatures, certificate validation, and permission management service in order to implement a wide variety of enterprise solution within an organization. The implementation of certification authority is primary way of PKI in which it could benefit an organization and Information security department by providing public key and authority. In this way, both organization and Information security department is benefited from the implementation of user keys. The web of trust is the second way in which PKI provides an alternative approach of public key information for enabling the issue digital certificates for user, applications and devices of an organization and Information security department. Establishment of leverage certification authentication is the third way which benefits an organization and Information security department by maintaining an auditable database of users in order to secure privacy histories of Information security department. The development of Certification Authority is the way in which PKI could assist in the process of signing the company’s software by providing root of trust and services for the authentication of computers, individuals and other entities in a network. This is because, it saves certificate requests and issues certificates for signing the company’s software by means of saving the encryption keys in the certificate database for recovering the data loss of  computer’s softwar e. Consumer could believe that the software is to be authentic and because Certification Authority is valuable in authenticating software effectively. Consumer can get authentic software by the establishment of keys which are valid and trustworthy and in order to provide the assurance of software, it represents the people, system and process for the creation of digital certificates of software. For benefiting consumers, Certification Authority is having three kinds of information which are user’s name in the format of distinguished name, verification of user’s digital signature for software and encryption and verification of digital signatures of software. The public CA is considered as an accountable CA for any failure of PKI and on the other hand, in-house CA is integrated in Active Directory. The public CA would trust a digital certificate and in-house CA is performed upon its own tasks for simplifying the management of CA structure. The certificate management of public CA is lower than in-house CA. These are the positive characteristics of both public and in-house CA. The negative characteristics of public and in-house CA are that infrastructure of public CA is limited and it has less flexibility, in-public CA is more complicated and business partners would not trust in-house CA. When comparing both public and in-house CA, the Public Certification will be better in implementing within an organization and because Public CA provides effective self-registration, digital identities, enrollment services and PIN authentication than in-house CA. Public CA is a highly functional and trustworthy when comparing with in-house CA. Hence, PKI contributes the management of life cycle of digital certificates, profiles of administration for an organization and Information security department. References Vacca, Jhn R. (2004). Public key infrastructure: building trusted applications and Web services. CRC Press. p. 8. ISBN 978-0-8493-0822-2. Adams, Carlisle Lloyd, Steve (2003). Understanding PKI: concepts, standards, and deployment considerations. Addison-Wesley Professional. pp. 11–15. ISBN 978-0-672-32391-1. TrÄ ek, Denis (2006). Managing information systems security and privacy. Birkhauser. p. 69. ISBN 978-3-540-28103-0.

Book Report on A Tale of Two Cities :: essays papers

Book Report on A Tale of Two Cities My favorite scene in A Tale of Two Cities is one of the last scenes, when Sydney Carton is about to go to the guillotine. It takes place in Paris, near a prison, and many people have gathered to watch french aristocrats be beheaded. The atmosphere is tense and chaotic; Sydney, however, remains calm, even though he is about to be killed. Sydney is holding the hand of a young girl who is given no name other than a "poor little seamstress". Sydney and the seamstress, who are both being wrongfully killed, comfort each other just before they reach the guillotine, and they seem to have an instant romantic connection with each other. I loved this scene because it showed that Sydney Carton had finally found someone who could love him, as he could love them, but it saddened me that he had found her just before their deaths. Another scene I particularly enjoyed was the scene in which a large cask of wine had dropped and broken in the street. Because many people had very little to eat or drink, a large crowd gathered around the dirty puddle and began drinking what they could of the spilled wine. This scene was very descriptive, explaining how the people tried to scoop up the wine in their hands, and how they soaked it up with handkerchiefs from women's heads and squeezed the wine into infants' mouths. Other people licked the stones in the street or sucked on the pieces of wood from the cask. This passage showed how unfortunate many of the people were, without actually saying that they were just poor. Specific words and phrases were used to effectively paint a vivid picture of the scene. One of the most important scenes in this novel was the scene in which Dr. Manette is at the house of the Evremondes', tending to a psychotic young peasant girl. The two Evremonde brothers convince Dr. Manette to come with them, to see someone who they believe needs help. When he arrives at their spacious house, he immediately hears piercing screams, coming from upstairs. He is taken to the room, to see a girl, about 20 years old, who is tied down to a bed, shrieking loudly, and thrashing around. The doctor gives her medication, seemingly to no avail. Meanwhile, the "elder" brother takes him to another patient, the girl's brother, who has a fatal wound in his chest.

Cruesa, his first wife, is lost at Troy Essay

To analyse the character of Aeneas in comparison to the character of Odysseus we must first recognise that they have both been sent away from home, Aeneas by force after the sack of Troy and Odysseus to fight from the Greek side. To analyse them as leaders and â€Å"good men† we must look at their feats and their strengths as well as recognising their flaws as people and warriors. Both characters are extremely respected as heroes. Virgil presents us with the man that founded the greatest empire of all, the Roman Empire. Odysseus had the idea of the Trojan horse, without which the Greeks would not have won the war. Both are primarily good men who serve their countries well. I found though, that they do this in two very different ways. Odysseus’ nostos and Aeneas search for a new home. Scholars continue to disagree on whether or not Aeneas is presented as a good soldier, although the question itself is certainly far from black and white, complicated by the culturally relative nature of terms such as â€Å"conflict†and â€Å"courage†, as well as by the rather oblique definition that â€Å"good† itself holds. Odysseus respectively. I will argue that Aeneas meets the criteria set by neither model and that, ultimately, he is an emotionally unstable, morally dubious and even an incompetent military leader. However, the very fact that he is the protagonist needs to be stressed: his character is necessarily sympathetic, dynamic and intricate. My intention is not to assert that Aeneas is a villain or a coward; he is quite obviously neither of these things and such an interpretation of the Aeneid, a text rich and ambiguous in meaning, would be nothing short of reductive. And in this way he must, and does, have some positive, somewhat redeeming features. Virgil created in Aeneas a new type of Stoic hero, a point that is perhaps most evident in Book Four when Aeneas leaves Carthage. His speech to Dido is indicative of his determination to suffer both silently, Aeneas did not move his eyes and struggled to fight down the anguish in his heart. â€Å", (Book 4) and willing, â€Å"Do not go on causing distress to yourself and to me by these complaints. It is not by my own will that I still search for Italy. † (Book 4) Emotional restraint and acquiescence in regard to one’s own fortunes and torment is intrinsic to a Roman conception of a role model and leader. Equally, the presentation of Aeneas in Book Four can be seen to parallel that of Odysseus in Book Nineteen of the Odyssey, where the reader is told that, in spite of his wife’s tears, the hero’s â€Å"eyes were steady†. Aeneas, then, does conform to both the Roman and Homeric paradigms in his ability to endure the sufferings that Fate has allotted him. And yet his chief characteristic is not his endurance, as is the case with Odysseus, but rather his pietas, a quality essential for a Roman warrior. Time and time again in the Aeneid he is referred to as pious Aeneas, â€Å"famous for his devotion†(Book 6), so the Sibyl states. This devotion is threefold in that it is not only religious and extends to both his family and to his duty as â€Å"Father† of Rome. The latter of these has already been demonstrated by his separation from Dido, in which he subordinates his personal wishes in order to fulfil his destiny, while one can see the first two aspects of this pietas at work quite clearly in Book Five, in which the funeral games, â€Å"held in honour of the divine father of Aeneas†(Book 5), combine a celebration of the familial and of the holy. Like the â€Å"Father† figure that Aeneas, by fate takes on, Odysseus has great affection for his men. When he loses some of his men at Ismarus he tells us how they sailed on â€Å"with heavy hearts, grieving for the loss of our companions†. As well as this, when all the other ships are lost to the Laestragonians, he states, â€Å"We lay on the beach for two days and nights, utterly exhausted and eating our hearts out with grief†. Odysseus risks his life for them. In book 10 when the first half of his men are transformed into pigs by Circe, he goes alone to rescue them. He goes blind into this plan without any forward planning until Hermes helps him. He is so determined to help that he tells an interfering Eurylochus, â€Å"I shall go. I have absolutely no choice. â€Å". He never abandons his men. In Book 9 when his men eat the fruit of the Locus they lose all hope and want for home. Odysseus literally drags them and ties them to benches on the ship so that they cannot escape. In the cave of the Cyclops, after they have blinded the monster, Odysseus ties all of his men to the bellies of rams and they escape leaving him, he is alone and has nobody to tie him on. He does not care because he thinks about his men before he acts as does Aeneas. In this respect they are very similar except Aeneas makes more mistakes than Odysseus does and loses his wife. As a father figure, like Aeneas, Odysseus is very well respected by his men. Near the Cyclops the men divide the goats between the ships. They give nine to all of the ships and ten to Odysseus’ alone as a sign of their respect for him as their leader. Yet this pietas, as much as it appears to pervade Virgil’s characterisation of the leader, might be called into question. Aeneas, on frequent occasions, seems reluctant to implement himself and also uncertain as to the rewards it offers. In Book Five the poet externalises Aeneas’ thoughts as he wonders â€Å"whether he should forget about his destiny and settle in the fields of Sicily† (Book 5), and throughout the first half of the poem he needs to be constantly prompted to continue in his search for his homeland: by his wife’s shade in Book Two, his father’s shade in Book Five, and twice by Mercury in Book Four. Mercury wasted no time, â€Å"So now you are laying foundations for the high towers of Carthage and building a splendid city to please your wife? Have you entirely forgotten your own kingdom and your own destiny? † (Book 4). These temptations are presented to Odysseus throughout â€Å"The Odyssey† but he does not give into temptation whereas Aeneas marries Dido, falls in love with her. Odysseus has a very strict work ethic, which clearly shows his devotion to Ithaca. He is offered immortality by Nymph Calypso if he just stayed with her, but instead the first image that the reader is given of him is knelt on a beach crying for his homeland. He is tempted again by the witch Circe. Odysseus has the weakness of enjoying women. He stayed with Circe for one year before his men reminded him of home. He also stayed with Calypso for seven years. Although we must take into though that there were reasons why he had to stay with her. Even through these periods of extreme temptation and immensely beautiful women, Odysseus wants to return home. He is driven by the goddess Athene but she is not the true reason for his passionate longing for Ithaca. Aeneas is different. He no longing to go home, he has no home. He does long for his promised citadel but is also a cell for the gods to create a new Empire. Venus’ intervention is what points Aeneas towards leaving Dido who he tells, â€Å"I left you against my will† (Book 6). Aeneas seems rather less than devoted to his duty at this moment. He is shown to be quite contented in Carthage and it seems unlikely that he would have left its â€Å"sweet† shores under his own volition. Dido is Aeneas first serious test, and he seems to give way without a struggle (Book 4), and one may see the character here as close to the antithesis of Odysseus who, in his pig-headed determination to return to Ithaca, even rejects Calypso’s offer of immortality. Indeed, Aeneas, â€Å"whose sword was studded with yellow stars of jaspers† (Book 4) is a picture of decadence. Nor is devotion to duty the only aspect of his pietas that can be found wanting, and as much as Aeneas appears to be a truly devoted son it should be noted that he repeatedly fails to protect his family. When one considers those personages in the poem that could be seen as intimate with Aeneas it must be realised that virtually none survive. Cruesa, his first wife, is lost at Troy; Dido, debatably his second, commits suicide and Anchises, his father, dies in the port at Drepanum.

Response to Journeys End Essay

In the novel Stanhope has the most physical status, not just because of his rank but also because people look up to him. Stanhope may rank the social hierarchy level amongst his fellow comrades but inside he is emotionally distraught, he does not show this and somehow stays head strong, on the other hand there is Hilbert who is tired and has lost all hope and hates the war and then decides he would like to pull out claiming that he has neuralgia but he is just trying to find ways to get home. To create a dugout like entrance we set up a few plinths on top of each other and the lined chairs up behind it creating a walkway which was on the width of our shoulders, this helped us to show great emphasis in our gestus as we clambered in and out of the trench. Workshop Two – Lighting/ Staging Our stage set was very minimalistic so that we could re-create what it would be like to be in a trench, to help us adapt and realise this we set up chairs as a border and them established a rule stating that venturing outside the border was ‘forbidden’. For our play we had only a few lights on stage, we did this to try and achieve the same amount of minimal lighting just as it would be in the trench. In one of our lesson we even used live candles to help build the low lit and damp surrounding of a trench and we also cramped all of the furniture together to make ourselves adjust to such a small so space just as the soldiers would have had to in journeys end. Workshop Three – Crosscutting In our third work shop we focused on the dramatic explorative strategy of cross-cutting, first we assembled ourselves into groups with sizes of 2-4 people and then we had to take a scene from the book and re-enact it using the dramatic strategy of cross-cutting. My group chose the scene where Riley dies from a battle wound. To add the element of cross cutting we showed a small part of the scene where riley dies and then we had 2 other scenes which showed his arrival to the regiment, and an argument with Stanhope. The final scene which was a vital part to our short performance included an extended, and more detailed version of riley’s death. The way that we used cross cutting helped us to raise tension in the audience and also made the audience assume a conclusion to our piece or build assumptions on what it was about, but the catch of cross cutting is that no matter what the audience may think the actors always have the ability to twist the last scene and maybe even end the performance on a cliff-hanger. Workshop Four- Hot seating In our fourth workshop we used the D.E.S ‘Hot seating’ so that we could have a better understanding and wider knowledge of the characters in journeys end, the vital part of hot seating is that you do not just pretend to be your chosen character but to put yourself in the characters shoes and wield the characters personality, habits and lifestyle. In the work shop we split ourselves into groups of four and then took on characters in the book that we did not know a lot of information about so that we could gain a greater insight into what that character is like. After that we asked our characters questions in which they would have to answer just as their character would as if they were in the same setting as in the book, this gave the other members of the group a chance to note down information on what the character’s personality is like and what their thoughts are in the book. After we had hot seated each member on their chosen character we reformed with the rest of the class and did the same thing. I think that reforming the class and having a bigger audience was a very clever idea as it widened the variety of questions that could be asked about the character and also gave us a larger insight into the characters lives in the book. I feel this workshop went very well because it benefited all in the room and we all shared and therefore gained information on the personalities of the characters. Workshop Five – Forum Theatre/Still image/ Thought Tracking For our fifth workshop we used the D.E.S ‘forum theatre’, by using this strategy it enabled us to receive feedback from the audience live on how we could better our performance. Once we had received this feed back we put it into practise straight away. Our teacher also created a stage set using chairs which enclosed around the actors all around apart from the back of the stage this made us feel very exposed due to the claustrophobic effect of the stage. Our task was to perform a small part of the book so that we could receive feedback on how to better our performance, as each group performed their piece our teacher changed the positioning of the stage set too create a different effect on the actors. As we received feedback our peers changed the theme of our piece at one point from a sad and solemn piece to a comedic and vibrant one. Due to the sudden change in the theme it enabled us to improvise our lines and tint the tone and accent of our voices so that it would match with the theme. Another advantage of the change in them is that we all changed our levels and status when the comedic twist was incorporated. Overall I think forum theatre is a great, successful technique. It enhances your performance because you receive ideas and use them to improve your performance. Workshop Six – Still image/ Thought Tracking We used thought tracking because it helped us fully explain the particular theme of whatever still image we were trying to express, it also helps because there is a lot of unnoticed emotional tension within the atmosphere. By using this technique we gave our characters a chance to expresses themselves in a way that they are too afraid to in front of their fellow comrades. Emily Davison: Protests Workshop One – Narration This workshop was focused on Emily Davison who was a famous suffragette, who gave her life to stand up for women’s rights. In our workshop we worked together as a whole class so that we could introduce many different characters that held different views on the thoughts and actions of Emily Davison. Our teacher gave us some information on the history of Emily Davison and her struggle for equal rights amongst the women and men of Britain. We were then to act out a small scene by improvising with the information that we had received, sir picked two people to start the scene and gradually assigned people to join them but first he gave each person a role. As we were all eventually in the scene he started to narrate and tell us what we were to do by telling a story, this helped give us an understanding of each character which helped us to produce the scene with ease although we had no formal script. Next we were all split into two groups and then we had to act out a key event in Emily Davison’s life with my group which consisted of four others. Our group had decided to recreate the time when Emily Davison was sent to prison for the second time and was almost drowned in her cell, one member of our group became the narrator and the rest of us acted out the scene but we also included still images and thought tracking to equally express the emotions flowing through the character at the time. Workshop Two – Devised Piece/ Role-play In the second workshop we had to devise a piece using the information we had received on Emily Davison’s history. We were split into groups of four and then we had to plan on what we intended to do, we decided on having 4 scenes in our performance which explained a mass sum of Emily Davison’s life in a short amount of time I think that as a group we acted smartly as to only include vital events in her life as it was paramount to the last scene which was very tense; 1. The school classroom that Emily taught in. This included a monologue where a member of our group played as Emily who was talking about her aspirations for the future. 2. A demonstration march to campaign for women’s rights. This is after she gains followers who believe in equal rights for women as she does. 3. The prison where Emily was horribly mistreated in. This scene shows the pure brutality of the struggle that Emily Davison went through. 4. The race track where she died through an act of marty rdom. This scene shows how far Emily Davison went to stand up for what she believed in and unfortunately she paid the ultimate price for it. All of these scenes we included the vital key parts that were needed to help the audience to understand the life, death & history of Emily Davison. To develop our piece we used dramatic explorative strategies like chorus were we all joined in when shouting at another member of our group during the performance this helps to express the characters emotions or the theme of that particular moment in the play. At one point we also used thought tracking so that we could express the characters inner feelings i.e. when Natalia (Emily) is arrested by the police and taken to court she uses the thought track as an opportunity to make the audience aware of her emotion at the time. By developing our own piece based on the history of Emily Davison it allowed us to build our own perspective of her personality and the many troubles that she faced throughout her life. Workshop Three – The Race Track – Contrast In this workshop we had to explore the aspects of each characters physical/emotional level by using contrast, our teacher also gave us some rope as a stimulus and we were asked to incorporate it into our piece. As a class we decided to use the rope as a way to split the characters in a social aspect i.e. on one side of the rope we had the women and on the other we had the men. To show mass contrast within the group of women we had Emily Davison and two of her fellow campaigners placed away from the large group of housewives. Over on the boys’ side most of the men who were betting on the race standings were focusing on a member of our group who used physical theatre to interpret that she was a horse by using a mask and using incorporating the element of gestus and physical theatre. The rope is a very strong stimulus because its shows highlights the ability and how easy it is to divide relationships, emotions and even society, this was strongly shown in our performance when Emily ran in front of the horse and both sides stopped in awe and then in chorus whispered ‘the woman†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.the horse’ eventually this whispers grew into shouts and then everyone rushed over to tend to the horses needs. This particular moment shows how in those times society was a lot different and women were seen as second class citizen. Although Emily Davison wanted equality for all women, not all women agreed with her and some were very comfortable with their life at the time we showed this in our performance by having a member of our group who played the role of a housewife do a thought track which expressed her hate for what Emily Davison was doing. I think that the rope as a stimulus helped us greatly to bring across our point society’s clear line between how women and men were respected and seen at the time. The rope also represented how divide society’s thoughts were at the time and that only material things such as horse racing we greatly prioritised over the life of a woman who stood up for what she believed in. Rosa Parks: Ride to Freedom Workshop One – Bus Boycott – Marking the moment/ Still Image/ Thought Tracking In this workshop we watched a short part of the film ‘Ride to Freedom’ its about the moment when Rosa Parks was arrested for standing up against being prejudiced for refusing to give up her seat on a bus for a white person. Our class was split into half and then we worked in groups to recreate the scene that we had watched. Although we had ample opportunities to use many elements of D.E.S we went too far and tried to cram too many things in our performance. Unfortunately the fact that we had so many D.E.S strategies conflicted with the fact that we all had to remember our cues, due to lack of organisation our performance was very slow and robot-like because everyone was trying to do too much that even when improvisation was attempted it greatly lacked in co-ordination which also led to the mass confusion within our minds when on stage. There were some good moments in our performance i.e. we used split staging well when I left the scene to get the police officer and everyone on the bus was still carrying on trying to get Rosa off the bus, but other wise I was not very happy with the way our performance went and I have also learnt a lesson and that is not to over complicate things. Workshop Two – Devised piece/ Chorus/ Levels / Signs In this workshop we worked in groups of fours and were given a poem to use as a stimulus, the poem was made by a famous author called Maya Angelou. We incorporated the theme of the Rosa parks story with our stimulus and created a short performance. First we read the poem and decided as a group to only use lines than empowered the mental status of our characters as it would help us greatly in our use of physical levels we also had many elements of D.E.S Within our performance we decided to use chorus so that we could help the audience realise the passion that our characters had for what they believe in, as a group we had also decided to do our best to maintain a simple bold and stern voice when saying our lines so that we increased the depth of anger that we were portraying to the audience. At the end of the performance we all stood at different levels on plinths which gave the impression that we were physically and emotionally rising higher and higher by the end of the play all of us were standing at attention showing great power through the since of our bodies. Through the positive feedback we received from the audience we could tell that the way in which we had used DES was very successful and that it was a great help to us as many of the audiences feedback pointed out to us whilst being briefed about our performance. I think that by us using a stimulus it helped us to build a story around it in a way that we felt comfortable and therefore I feel that is why this was success. Workshop Three – Physical Levels/ For this workshop our class was split into two and were given a stage to use as a stimulus as we continued to explore our ideas on the theme of Rosa Parks, our teacher also gave us a set of plinths that were all on different levels, he also said that we were only allowed to stand on the plinths throughout the whole performance limiting our movement on stage. Our main objective was to create a piece that used all the themes and aspects from our other two workshops on Rosa parks. Before we started to build our story we assigned characters according to our own strengths so that we would be able to achieve the best we could when it came to developing lines that our character would say. To gain the most out of our performance and to use as many useful D.E.S and different drama techniques so that we could enhance the quality of our performance. Our group decided to use thought tracking and still image to play out the scene of when Rosa Parks challenged the bus driver and was arrested and as our space on stage was limited we had decided to use thought tracking and split staging to make our performance effective. All the characters voiced their opinion on Rosa parks refusal to move out of her seat and then one member of our group narrated a scene so that we could add the element of split staging to performance. When we had received feed back from our peers they had greatly expressed their positive views on our use of staging and that having a narrator helped to tell what was going on due to there being a lack of conversation within our performance between our characters. I feel that due to the great organisation of our group and selected role assignment that we were able to pull off the performance well. Pitmen Painters Plot The Pitmen Painters was a spectacular historical/ cultural play about a group of miners in the 1930’s that lived in Ashington which is a small town by the cost in Newcastle, it is about 5 men and an unemployed teenager who through art classes explore their own hidden talents using their emotions to express themselves through painting. Through the play they also develop mentally as people and eventually start thinking g a lot more positively and see the world as a place full of opportunity. Sub – Plot Out of the whole group of miners Oliver Kilbourn is the main character as he is quick to become a pawn to the appreciation of real art. His talent in painting and interest also increases due to their raise in public awareness and eventually he meets a rich collector called Helen Sutherland who is a dear fan of his work, they grow to become good friends but hit a bombshell when Mrs Sutherland ask Oliver to come out of his life-long job of being a miner down in the pits to becoming an artist and working when he wants. Angered by the arrogance that Mrs Sunderland is posing although she is unaware of it at the time he declines the offer and loses his temper, but then apologises at a later date and then sets up a union for the miners to help better not just his future but his new found friends and the rest of the pitmen in Ashington. Staging The stage that we watched the performance on was simplistic and very small compared to the size of others that I have seen at other performances. The scene had only two entrances and exits through which the actors walked through they were placed at the back of the centre stage and on the stage left. Although there was a great shortage of space all of the actors did use the stage appropriately and to their advantage i.e. during a scene where they are all assessing each others art work the way that the chairs are positioned and the strict border lines that the actors stuck to when moving clearly suggested the length and width of the room. Lighting I feel that the lighting used in the performance was excellent because it did not just have the house lights on to show where the actors were, they also had spotlights of many colours which were used in certain scenes which helped set a range of different atmospheres on stage and in the audience. For instance during the scene where all of the miners go to see an exhibition on traditional Chinese art a white spotlight immediately shone on the faces of the whole group, and then they all froze and listened to Oliver’s monologue which described the piece of art in a very intense way this also empowered the audience to feel the same passion for the piece as the character did on stage. An overhead projector was also used throughout the play to show the audience the name of the each scene before it started. It was mostly used though to show the pieces of art that the pitmen had drawn, this was very smart because due to the size of the paintings the audience were unable to see the art , but this small setback was obviously countered by the stage crew with the use of a projector. Costuming Throughout the play most of the characters show a very clear line of division that suggest the difference of wealth between them all for instance the Leader of the mine George brown always attendee the art appreciation group in a nice suit and decent polished shoes with his hair slicked back, this tells me that although he works down in the mines he either is very wealthy or is a man with great pride who likes to look good. Professor Robert Lyon who comes down to run the art group in Ashington wears a variety of suits throughout the performance suggesting that he is wealthy and has a golden pocket watch on display at all times. Now although these two characters dress very well you can clearly notice the difference between them due to the way that they speak and how their body language is. Sound/Voice The performance did not have a lot of sound effects due to the fat that they purely didn’t need them and that due to the constant conversation that happened throughout the play it wasn’t appreciated, but neither was it missed. The characters voices included many different ranges of pitch and expression such as Helen Sutherland who is a rich middle aged art collector who is very wealthy; she speaks with a very sharp, squeaky but strong english accent which suggests that she was taught at a school and wealthy enough to afford an education. Oliver Kilbourn who is another pitman from the Ashington art group speaks with a heavy northern English accent and also spits his words and mumbles them a lot of the time, this infers to me that he may not be from a good background where the pronunciation of English is paramount in life and education. Just from the way that all of the characters speak I am able to build my own personality file on every one of them and develop my own ide as on what their characters are like.

Discovering the Hero Within Essay Essays

Discovering the Hero Within Essay Essays Discovering the Hero Within Essay Essay Discovering the Hero Within Essay Essay Essay Topic: A Lesson Before Dying A Lesson Before Dying was set during the clip of segregation. During this clip black people were slaves and white people had all the power. It neer crossed a black adult males mind that he could of all time be considered a hero. The two chief characters. Jefferson and Grant. are holding problem understanding how to be work forces. and that the simple Acts of the Apostless of kindness they perform can do them heroes. Before their gallantry can be discussed. it is of import to understand how the relationship between those two work forces began. Jefferson is a immature black adult male who was wrongfully convicted of robbery and slaying of a white adult male in a spirits shop shoot- out. His attorney told the jury he was excessively stupid to hold committed a slaying and that he was nil more so a â€Å"hog. † Nevertheless. Jefferson was sentenced to decease by burning. He takes the â€Å"hog† remark to bosom and no longer seems to care about anything or anyone around him. Jefferson’s godmother. Miss Emma. does non desire him to decease thought he is a pig. She wants him to decease a adult male with self-respect. Therefore. she seeks the aid of Grant Wiggins. who she asks to see Jefferson. and learn him how to be a adult male before he dies. Unfortunately. Grant is confused about his ain life and what a adult male is supposed to be. Grant is a adult male who left his hometown to foster his instruction at a university. He resents his life because he came back and became a instructor. but he does non believe he is doing a difference with his pupils or people in his community because of the segregation that is still traveling on. He wants to run away from his jobs. Even though he does non believe he could do a difference. he still does Miss Emma the favour of traveling to see Jefferson. While sing Jefferson. Grant becomes his close friend. He realizes why Jefferson feels he is a pig and why Miss Emma wants him to decease a adult male. Grants ends up being the lone individual Jefferson will open up to. so he tells Jefferson to give something back to his godmother and go a hero for her and their full community. Rivera 2 With their background understood. now it is possible to understand why Grant does non see himself a hero. but believes Jefferson can go one. Allow defines a hero as. â€Å"Someone who does something for other people. He does something that other work forces can’t and won’t do. He is different from other work forces. He is above other work forces. No affair who those other work forces are. the hero. no affair who he is. is above them. A hero does for others. He would make anything for people he loves. because he knows it would do their lives better. † Grant feels he does non run into the definition of a hero because he has ever done what everyone has expected of him. by making nil but Teach. He feels he has done nil to turn out his self-respect or love for anyone. Allow hates his life and wants to populate for himself. his adult females and cipher else. He has neer decided to alter his life. The ground Grant believes Jefferson can and will go a hero is because he can give his godmother the gift of standing and walking to the electric chair and decease a adult male. Jefferson can turn out to the white work forces that he is non merely another black adult male and he is non a pig. He can turn out that he has self-respect. a bosom and love for his godmother and his people. In the terminal. both Grant and Jefferson are heroes. Allow performs a random act of kindness for Miss Emma and Jefferson faces his destiny by walking to the electric chair a adult male. They both have done things for others and have done things other work forces â€Å"can’t and won’t do. † They are both above other work forces and hold proven that they have self-respect. a bosom and love for others. Allow Teachs Jefferson how to decease a adult male and at the same clip learns to go a adult male himself.

Robert Browning and Elizabeth Barrett Browning

Robert Browning and Elizabeth Barrett Browning After reading her poems for the first time, Robert wrote to her: I love your verses with all my heart, dear Miss Barrett- I do, as I say, love these verses with all my heart. With that first meeting of hearts and minds, a love affair would blossom between the two. Elizabeth told Mrs. Martin that she was getting deeper and deeper into correspondence with Robert Browning, poet, and mystic; and we are growing to be the truest of friends. During the 20 months of their courtship, the couple exchanged nearly 600 letters. But what is love without obstacles and hardships? As Frederic Kenyon writes, Mr. Browning knew that he was asking to be allowed to take charge of an invalids life- believed indeed that she was even worse than was really the case, and that she was hopelessly incapacitated from ever standing on her feet- -but was sure enough of his love to regard that as no obstacle. The Bonds of Marriage Their subsequent marriage was a secret matter, taking place on September 12, 1846, at Marylebone Church. Most of her family members eventually accepted the match, but her father disowned her, would not open her letters, and refused to see her. Elizabeth stood by her husband, and she credited him with  saving her life. She wrote to Mrs. Martin: I admire such qualities as he has- fortitude, integrity. I loved him for his courage in adverse circumstances which were yet felt by him more literally than I could feel them. Always he has had the greatest power over my heart because I am of those weak women who reverence strong men. Out of their courtship and those early days of marriage came an outpouring of poetic expression. Elizabeth finally gave her little packet of sonnets to her husband, who could not keep them to himself. I dared not, he said, reserve to myself the finest sonnets written in any language since Shakespeares. The collection finally appeared in 1850 as Sonnets from the Portuguese. Kenyon writes, With the single exception of Rossetti, no modern English poet has written of love with such genius, such beauty, and such sincerity, as the two who gave the most beautiful example of it in their own lives. The Brownings lived in Italy for the next 15 years of their lives, until Elizabeth died in Roberts arms on June 29, 1861. It was while they were living there in Italy that they both wrote some of their most memorable poems. Love Letters The romance between Robert Browning and Elizabeth Barrett is legendary. Heres the first letter that Robert Browning sent to Elizabeth, who would eventually become his wife.   January 10th, 1845New Cross, Hatcham, SurreyI love your verses with all my heart, dear Miss Barrett,and this is no off-hand complimentary letter that I shall write,whatever else, no prompt matter-of-course recognition of your genius and there a graceful and natural end of the thing: since the day last week when I first read your poems, I quite laugh to remember how I have been turning again in my mind what I should be able to tell you of their effect upon mefor in the first flush of delight I  thought  I would this once get out of my habit of purely passive enjoyment, when I do really enjoy, and thoroughly justify my admirationperhaps even, as a loyal fellow-craftsman should, try and find fault and do you some little good to be proud of herafter!but nothing comes of it allso into me has it gone, and part of me has it become, this great living poetry of yours, not a flower of which but took root and grew... oh, how different that is from lying to be dried and pressed flat and priz ed highly and put in a book with a proper account at bottom, and shut up and put away... and the book called a Flora, besides! After all, I need not give up the thought of doing that, too, in time; because even now, talking with whoever is worthy, I can give reason for my faith in one and another excellence, the fresh strange music, the affluent language, the exquisite pathos and true new brave thoughtbut in this addressing myself to you, your own self, and for the first time, my feeling rises  altogether. I do, as I say, love these Books with all my heart and I love you too: do you know I was once seeing you? Mr. Kenyon said to me one morning would you like to see Miss Barrett?then he went to announce me,then he returned... you were too unwell and now it is years agoand I feel as at some  untoward  passage in my travelsas if I had been close, so close, to some  worlds wonder  in chapel on crypt,... only a screen to push and I might have entered but there was some slight ... so it now seems... slight and just-sufficient bar to  admission and the half-opened door shut, and I went home my thousands of miles, and the sight was never to be!Well, these Poems were to beand this true thankful joy and pride with which I feel myself. Yours ever faithfully Robert Browning

Capstone Experience (Supply Chain) 2 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Capstone Experience (Supply Chain) 2 - Assignment Example In most of the cases the targeted editors who are allowed to put information on to Wikipedia are experts in a particular field and this tends make the content reliable. Any vandalism or incorrect information is immediately removed from the site. Involving the target customer has enabled Wikipedia to obtain a lot of information on various topics. By involving the targeted users and allowing them to contribute, Wikipedia has been able to obtain over 30 million articles in 280 languages (Thompson, 2005). This has made it to be one of the widely used sources of information. Involving the target customers has also enabled it to get the information free of charge in most cases since the majority of the contributors are volunteers (BBC, 2012). In order to allow for the involvement of the customers in the supply chain, Wikipedia has relied on technology to facilitate the interaction. The Web 2.0 Technology has played a major part as it has been used to allow editing of the information by the customers (Anderson, 2007). The other client side technologies that have been used by the site include Ajax, Java script, YUI library, Adobe Flex, and Dojo tool

What is the role of management information systems in the reporting Essay

What is the role of management information systems in the reporting process in a multinational enterprise Discuss the statement, Inadequate MIS in foreign affiliates can become a control problem for MNEs - Essay Example Therefore, these management information systems and the information produced by them are usually considered as crucial components of sensible and practical business decisions. For effective management in the organization, an MIS provides decision makers with facts and supports and enhances the overall decision making process. For top management and local managers, it provides the data and information that is needed to assist the board and management in making strategic decisions. At other levels, management information system offers the capabilities for monitoring and distribution of information to the management, employees, and customers (Comptroller of the Currency, 2000). Information management with in an organization is a sequence of processes that assists the organization in managing the information that flows across organizational units, identifying information needs, obtaining the information, storage and organization of information, developing information products and services, distributing information, and using information that information for effective decision making. Managing the information in this way proposes new strategies for getting the most out of the value of information in organizations, and for a redefinition of the roles of organizational professionals, be they top management, local managers, employees, or other staff (Choo, 1995). Now a days Managers have to cope with high information-processing demands in various circumstances because of the uncertainty of environmental factors and the increasing complexity of organizational activities. Operating in international markets has resulted in significant increase in information- processing demands for top managers. International growth may also cause increased proper information management demands because of the reasons such as: more complex organizational structure of MNEs, communication problems, and the geographical distance between the head office