Stakeholder Theory of Modern Corporation †Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Examine about the Stakeholder Theory of Modern Corporation. Answer: Presentation With the headway in innovation and severe standards in regards to natural contamination, the job of the executives in an association is getting increasingly refined. Trust is an essential factor in the business condition. In building brand dependability, chiefs must pick up trust from clients and all the partners of an association. As per Harris, Moriarty, and Wicks (2014), trust can be seen as the desire that the choices that a relationship accomplice makes will profit the confiding in accomplice. In the present business world, shoppers expect a high caliber of products delivered according to their desires and details. The more perplexing issue in the administration of associations and building trust is that, as organizations attempt to go worldwide, they need to follow guidelines which vary from nation to nation. Chiefs face the test of boosting benefits while holding fast to severe guidelines. Then again, organizations are progressively getting presented because of the accessibili ty of media advances which empower people in general to investigate the conduct and general execution of any business around the world. Authoritative speculations have underscored on trustworthiness and maintaining business morals in settling on choices that will affect all the partners. Utilizing Volkswagen as a case association, the paper is planned for investigating the perplexing idea of associations dynamic in taking care of the board issues regarding institutional hypothesis and partner hypothesis. Established in 1937, Volkswagen is perhaps the biggest maker of autos. It works as an open organization in Germany, and it is headquartered in Wolfsburg (Forbes 2017). Because of the solid rivalry in the vehicle business, Volkswagen has been engaged with the assembling of half breed vehicles with best in class innovation so as to keep up a serious edge. The most perceived brands incorporate Bently, Bugatti, Lamborghini, Audi, Porsche, SEAT, and Skoda (Forbes 2017, p. 1). With the expanding need to ensure nature, nations around the globe have put exacting guidelines fair and square of fumes gas discharges from vehicles. This has driven automakers to create advancements to guarantee that the vehicles being made consent to the principles. The urgent need to conform to the Environmental Protection Agency gauges in the United States made Volkswagen, under the administration of Martin Winterkorn in 2015, to create programming, known as the rout gadget which can control the consequences of outflow tests (Edwing 2016). The gadget has the capacity to recognize when the vehicle is being tried for carbon dioxide outflow after which it modifies the presentation to accomplish improved outcomes (Hotten 2015). All things considered, all the vehicles that were tried passed, be that as it may, in genuine sense, they were radiating more carbon dioxide than the guideline offices suggest. The open was stunned when the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) got some answers concerning the gadget. Volkswagen had been engaged with conning which is in opposition to business morals. Considerably after the EPA discovered, the then CEO Mr. Martin Winterkorn denied the claims, expressing that he never thought about it. This indicated an absence of straightforwardness inside the association. Recognizable proof and Analysis of the Issues The issues encompassing the Volkswagen embarrassment can be depicted utilizing the partner hypothesis and the institutional hypothesis. It very well may be seen that the organization needed to accomplish the objective of more benefits by selling more diesel vehicles in the United States and over the world. At the point when the Environmental Protection Agency tried the vehicles, it was found that some vehicle models were furnished with 'hoodwinking' gadget which constrained Volkswagen to review more than eleven million of their vehicles from the market the world over (Hotten 2015). After the disclosure, the organization turned into an objective of administrative examinations in different nations around the globe, for example, the United States, France, South Korea, Italy, Canada, Germany and the United Kingdom who were attempting to discover what number of individuals knew about the duplicity inside the association (Zhou 2016). The partner hypothesis fills in as a suitable focal point while dissecting complex viewpoints of how partners consider as significant. As indicated by Freeman (2012), partner hypothesis in the administration of associations and business morals is one that tends to the ethics and qualities that oversee an association. Freeman, Rusconi, Signori and Strudler (2012) contend that the hypothesis doesn't have any thorough cases, yet it is fundamental as it gives apparatuses that associations' supervisors can use so as to increase the value of their flexibly chain, devices to enable the different partners to improve their associations with the chiefs and devices that help researchers to see how organizations make an incentive along the gracefully chain. The partners, as indicated by Harrison and Wicks (2013), incorporate everybody that is influenced either straightforwardly or in a roundabout way by the approaches and choices that an organization makes. With this respect, the Volkswagen part ners incorporate the investors, clients, representatives, vendors, the earth, the companys officials and the administrations. As indicated by Stakeholders hypothesis, Organizations are required to represent everyone's benefit of the considerable number of partners. The companys choice to introduce cheat gadget with the goal that their vehicles can finish the carbon dioxide emanation assessment was a demonstration of narrow-mindedness that was driven by the need to acquire benefits. This demonstration is against the partner hypothesis which advocates for the acknowledgment of the considerable number of partners. The companys choices ought to consistently be planned for fulfilling and be in consistence with the desires for the partners. The Volkswagens reaction to the claims additionally demonstrated an absence of regard and straightforwardness. As indicated by Zhang, Veijalainen, and Kotkov (2016, p. 1), the reactions gave by on-screen characters associated with a specific emergency is basic for the endurance and development of organizations. Absence of straightforwardness when imparting to partners causes negative picture for the associations (Zhang, Veijalainen and Kotkov 2016, p. 1). The Volkswagen CEO neglected to utilize the language of partners which would have made it simpler for him to incorporate business and morals together. The CEO of the organization deceived the open that he didn't know about the gadget which demonstrated an absence of morals and the essential apparatuses to deal with an emergency. The administration of the organization was confronting an exchange off among partners and monetary profits where rather, the administration picked budgetary supportability to the detriment of the partners. The activities taken by the administration influenced all the partners in various manners, for example, loss of occupations, changes in the financial exchange, ecological issues and discolored notorieties. The institutional hypothesis is another focal point that can be utilized to examine the issues encompassing Volkswagen. The hypothesis basically underscores on the parts of social structure. A foundation is characterized by Scott (2014) as a lot of decides and practices that characterize the importance and what is seen as proper social conduct. Scott (2014) portrayed the idea of establishments in three columns, specifically the regulative, regularizing and the social intellectual columns (p. 59-66). In light of the three columns, rules can be comprehended as the conventional guidelines, accepted practices and commitments and the normal understandings and convictions. These standards impact how associations' supervisors think and act. The guidelines structure the premise where people handle issues and how they see things as vital or ethically right. The use of this focal point helps in understanding why people and associations act in a specific way. In view of this hypothesis, supervi sors are relied upon to show social and natural obligation in doing their obligations (Salvioni, Astori, Cassano 2014). The Volkswagen outrage shows a disparity between the associations formal proclamations and the significant practices. Volkswagen was exceptionally trusted by its purchasers and different partners to maintain a business code of morals in their tasks. Thusly, in view of the institutional hypothesis, Volkswagen is required to be straightforward in leading their business and how they impart to the different partners. Straightforwardness, as indicated by Ephraim (2016, P. 1), involves respectability, morals, trustworthiness, full exposures, clearness and such factors that lead to great relations among partners. When Volkswagen first conveyed a press explanation on September 18, 2015, the CEO said that the organization was focused on fixing the issue as quickly as time permits. The message additionally expressed that the organization needed to guarantee its clients and d ifferent partners that their vehicles were sheltered to drive (US Media Site 2015). It tends to be seen that the message tone is formal and isolates; it needs straightforwardness and compassion for the outside partners of the organization influenced in various pieces of the world. It is clear that Volkswagen vehicles were undependable since they were transmitting gas over the allowed level. The message demonstrated an absence of straightforwardness. In light of the institutional hypothesis, the administration should recognize the slip-ups and plan to address, and not focussing on advancing the brand picture. Suggestions Volkswagen techniques ought to be planned to win the trust of clients back. Volkswagen should join a free confirmation organization that would be liable for affirming the presentation of their vehicles. The organization should band together with autonomous offices which the clients can trust. In view of the stewardship hypothesis, Volkswagen chiefs are relied upon to go about as pioneers in settling on choices that would profit the general public all in all. The World Business Council for Sustainable Development is a case of the offices that Volkswagen

Customer Expectation for Online Shopping-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Talk about the Customer Expectation for Online Shopping. Answer: Articulation of the issue These days, the clients are more intrigued by the web based shopping instead of setting off to the shopping centers. They feel increasingly certain about the plan, quality and fitting style of the online items even without contacting the item truly. In any case, clients are doing internet shopping these days and choose to buy that item without contacting and simply taking a gander at the portrayal list. The portrayal list that is given on the site, depicts the whole subtleties of the item which is very fundamental for a client before settling on their choices. The hypotheses of the buyers' desires depend on the web based shopping as opposed to on the visual consideration (Al-Debei, Akroush Ashouri, 2015). In this way, they accept that the picture and the portrayal that is given on the site are the verified realities about the item. This situation raises the desire level of the client all things considered. Tragically, their desires didn't reach to that level. The much-anticipated item didn't satisfy the requests and wants of the clients (Anaza, 2014). The perception of the item falls flat and brings frustrations among them. This prompts the poor selling of the item over the web. As per reports, there are prominently less research and desire, which is very basic for the online chiefs just as for the head supervisors. The point of this examination is to explore the different attributes of the web based shopping that basically center around the item quality which is very unique in relation to the client's desire the individuals who are getting it structure on the web and the truth of the item while contacting them (Ashraf, Thongpapanl Auh, 2014). In the end, the examination makes a decent suggestion about the administration of the client's discernment just as about their desire while dealing with the nature of the item originating from online sources. Research point and destinations The point of this whole investigation is to look into on the client desire on the nature of the item when they are doing the web based shopping: What is the desire while doing web based shopping? The desires for the clients from the online sites are as per the following: The evaluating and transportation data ought to be plainly expressed: as per a few reports and study, the unforeseen expansion of the last cost on the item because of additional delivery and assessments, are the primary purpose behind the truck relinquishment. The client needs the specific insights concerning the transportation just as about the charges that are appropriate while conveying the merchandise to them. The great introduction and subtleties are required alongside the guarantee. The item should look sound and dependable: the expert structure of the site shape the clients to purchase the item. The early introduction of the client should keep going long. The security identifications, postage information just as the store rating can help the clients in such cases (Bashir, 2013). The item ought to have the SSL endorsement cautioning messages so as to stay away from the panics. Show of the item on the landing page: there are a few locales the individuals who are not showing the particular investigation about the item like about the hits, included things, fresh introductions and substantially more. The primary objective of the landing page is to look keep the clients intrigued and furthermore to win the snap further into the site. At first, the clients have no clue on the site, so it is important to investigate progressively about it, so the landing page should glance engaging in the look (Bilgihan, Kandampully Zhang, 2016). Demonstrating the items isn't sufficient, the manner in which they plan and product the landing page is increasingly effective. Visual engaging: aside from looking reliable, the outfits consider the look just as observe the vibe of the site. There are a few different ways to make the site all the more engaging in the event of the visual appearance. Ascertaining the all out cost: it is very pertinent and looks great when the online website shows the charges and delivery before checkout surrender. Clients truly value these administrations thus the site wins the warm-fluffy focuses. The pursuit capacity ought to be simple: the most significant thing about the web based business achievement is the inquiry capacity of the item list. Each web based business webpage has the hunt box, even among the popular brands. The web client should feel it good with the highlights and proposed things over the web. The item ought to be significant and decrease the blunders to zero while scanning for the items. Protection articulation: the legalese can be overpowering however the clients consistently search for the security strategies and explanations over the web. They are increasingly worried about the protection settings of the site. Surveys of the clients: the audits are the most mainstream way to deal with the online website to diminish the dangers of making an awful buy and to show the reliable venders over the web. Connections to the interpersonal organizations: each site ought to have the connection to the next informal communities with the goal that it will be simple for a client to purchase the ideal item and to hit the exhibition records which will fulfill the requirements of the clients and lessen their uneasiness about the item. Contrasts and likenesses of the item quality There is a colossal distinction between the nature of the item when it is picked over the web and after the appearance of the item. At the point when the clients are purchasing the items from the different locales, they are concentrating more on the quality. While buying, they see the structure, its material, the shading surface, the nature of the item from the outline, check the ideal estimate and watch the examples and plan all the more absolutely. Yet, when the item shows up at the client, there are a few controls and everything is changed (Blzquez, 2014). The item that was picked before by the client isn't a similar one which has shown up at them. The primary concern that differs the most is the nature of the item. The quality profoundly diminished and didn't fulfill the client's taste. Because of this explanation, the clients are profoundly discouraged from the online administrations (Chakraborty, et al., 2016). The shade of the item here and there looks spot and pale. The first one looks increasingly alluring and in vogue, however the item that the client gets is far away from the first one which truly looks old, chaotic, tangled and messed up. The administrations that are given by them are not increased in value by the clients as there is a huge distinction between the anointed one and showed up one. Be that as it may, some of the time, the item that showed up at the client looks the very same which was before picked by them. The quality, just as the structure, is same while contacting them. The clients feel eager to get the ideal the item from the online shops. At first, they feel befuddled about the decision, regardless of whether they will get the ideal one or not. Be that as it may, there are a few destinations over the web that plainly checks the client's needs and give them the ideal item in time (Chen, et al., 2015). The shading surface, the quality, the structure and the example and even the size precisely coordinate with that of the anointed one. The nature of the item is exceptionally valued by the clients as they look in vogue, alluring, upscale and stylish. The distinction and similitudes between the two cases are profoundly relied upon the administrations that are given by the dealers of the online locales. They can give the best administrations to the clients else they can do its converse. The online items consistently need to refresh as the decision and request of the clients are changing with time and seasons. The dealers from different destinations ought to consistently check the most recent decision of the clients with the assistance of the inquiry goals (Dai, Forsythe Kwon, 2014). They ought to give the ideal item to the client in time without settling on the nature of the item. The primary objective of each online webpage is to give the best administrations to the clients with the goal that they will pick up visit their site for additional decisions. The sites are kept up by the backend designers so they precisely comprehend what the clients are scanning for. They are refreshing the site in an ordinary time period just to draw in the clients more towards them. Be that as it may, every one of these things will bode well when the conveyance opportunity arrives (Hao Suan Samuel, Balaji Kok Wei, 2015). The conveyed items ought to be a similar one that was arranged by the client without doing any control to it. Thus, different components are important to consider like the quality, the shading surface, the structure, the printed designs and mostly the life span of the item. Deal with client's recognitions and desires for item quality The recognition and desire for the client are the two unique pieces of a shaft. Clients normally get pulled in towards the item from a solitary look. At the point when they surf the web, at times they discover something additionally intriguing and that strike their brains. This occurs because of the representation of that specific item. The representation is commonly done by the back-end engineers, who reproduce the picture in an all the more engaging path for the clients (Hasan, 2016). Aside from the representation, the brand mindfulness is the most significant for a client. Individuals accept that the marked items have the higher effectiveness and life span than the readymade one. They are more pulled in towards the marked items without even batting an eye. The view of the clients differs incredibly with the brand and representation. When they see the ideal item, they began anticipating a ton from it. They need the best nature of item that will look stylish, appealing, in vogue and chic (Jiang, Yang Jun, 2013). The online dealers are striving to meet the recognition just as the desire for the clients in time. To meet t

Personality of Abraham Lincoln Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Character of Abraham Lincoln - Essay Example In the last part, the paper will talk about the various strategies for surveying character and the related outcomes. Character of Abraham Lincoln Introduction Abraham Lincoln was the sixteenth President of the United States and drove the nation to triumph during the American Civil War (Sandburg, 2002). He contributed gigantically towards closure subjugation in America. He was an attorney by calling before he was chosen as President. He had recently filled in as Illinois State official and an individual from the House of Representatives (Sandburg, 2002). His Presidency was set apart with annulment of subjection, balance of the war in United Kingdom and annihilation of secessionists. He is viewed as one of the most recollected Presidents in US history (Sandburg, 2002). Abraham Lincoln was conceived on 12 February 1809 in Southeast Hardin County. His dad was Thomas Lincoln and his mom was Nancy Hanks. In spite of the fact that his folks were not instructed, they were regarded and rich r esidents of Kentucky boondocks. The family had to move to Indiana in 1816 (Sandburg, 2002). His mom later passed on from milk ailment when he was nine years. His dad remarried Sarah Bush who Lincoln held onto as his mom. Shockingly, Lincoln didn't relate well with his dad. Lincoln had just year and a half of formal training however he was a sharp peruser and author. He wedded in 1842 and later had four children whereby just one made due to adulthood. (Sandburg, 2002). Lincoln began his political vocation by competing for Illinois General Assembly position in 1832 which he lost and joined the military during the Black Hawk war. In 1834, he was chosen a State lawmaking body and was impacted by the England law thus he joined graduate school. He was admitted to the bar in 1837 and moved to set up begin providing legal counsel in Springfield (Sandburg, 2002). He once named subjection as savagery which depended on awful arrangements when he was the pioneer of the Illinois Whig Party. He j oined Republican Party in 1860 and was supported to run for the administration which he won with avalanche triumph later around the same time. After his success, secessionist’s developments sprung (Sandburg, 2002). His significant objective was abolishment of bondage which he achieved in 1862 by marking â€Å"emancipation proclamation† law. After the war, he started remaking of America by marking â€Å"homestead Act in 1862† where government land was offered to the poor residents at low costs (Sandburg, 2002). Legitimate delicate demonstration of 1862 likewise made the principal cash of US while the National financial Act of 1863 and 1865 framed the sound monetary framework which guaranteed monetary development and security. He was killed by Confederate covert agent on fourteenth April 1965 and was articulated dead the next day (Sandburg, 2002). Abraham Lincoln was well disposed to others since he confided in them. Lincoln has solid gratefulness for the inspirat ion of others. Lincoln was likewise legitimate thus this characteristic my have been impacted by his past support of the nation during the Black Hawk war. He kept up that respectability and truth was the premise of good character. Lincoln was additionally altruistic since he sporadically bought books for Phi Alpha Society subsequently this attribute may have been impacted by his comprehension of the sufferings of Americans during servitude time (Sandburg, 2002). Lincoln was a decent audience thus this characteristic may have been affected by his adoration for composing and perusing. Every guest to the White House was invited with gratefulness and

Nine Inch Nails free essay sample

Trent Reznor took his crowd on an excursion through his brain which is rotting with the torments of society. He addressed the Boston Garden with granulating guitars, crazy synthesizers and throbbing drums about the ruins of religion, life and love. He demanded in the initial melody that he was Mr. Fall to pieces. Trent had the group moving through the following barely any melodies as he hopped around in front of an audience, beat on consoles, and nestled into a fetal situation as he sang in a voice enveloped by outrage, trouble and sexual hints. After the line, Doesnt it cause you to feel better, in March of the Pigs Trent indignantly told the group, Those seats dont cause me to feel better. Im sorry you all cannot move around and move. He was alluding to the lines of collapsing seats that were set up before the stage, confining everybody from moving excessively. We will compose a custom exposition test on Nine Inch Nails or then again any comparable theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page A screen was then dropped before the stage and Trent started Hurt, a common Nine Inch Nails number in which Trent sang in a voice close to tears, about losing all that one has ever cherished. The screen demonstrated a realistic, roughly made video that indicated everything from individuals to creatures kicking the bucket. Trent was seen faintly in the corner behind the screen. He clearly didnt need his crowd to watch him, however to watch his message. Trent and the remainder of the band played through the remainder of the night with significant vitality, both giving and getting it from the group. It wasnt some time before certain children fired tearing up the seats from the floor! The obvious beat of the drum machine for the Nine Inch Nails great Head Like A Hole sounded and Trent had the group shrieking the melody Bow Down Before The One You Serve! furthermore, bowing down to him as though he was a divine being, which is something. Trent expressed gratitude toward his fans with a phase jump into the crowd which made everybody crazy! Trents guitar semi-solo toward the finish of I don't need this, fell drastically into Something I Can Never Have. Trent for the last time that night would sing to all of Boston about what the world denied him of inwardly. A cover of quietness fell over the whole field and Trent finished his service. Trent demonstrated that night he isn't simply the assimilated, floundering in his own self centeredness sort of individual he depicts himself to be in his music. He is a man who genuinely thinks about his fans and having them appreciate the show without limit. Dont miss them in January at the Worcester Centrum! .

Avoidance Behaviors and Agoraphobia

Avoidance Behaviors and Agoraphobia More in Panic Disorder Related Conditions Symptoms Diagnosis Treatment Coping Panic disorder is an anxiety disorder that is characterized by recurring and unanticipated panic attacks. These attacks involve many physical symptoms, including shaking, sweating, shortness of breath, chest pain, and nausea. Panic attacks may also occur with cognitive symptoms, such as derealization and depersonalization, in which the sufferer feels disconnected from themselves and their surroundings. Panic attack symptoms can be difficult to manage. While having a panic attack, it is not unusual for a person to perceive his experience as frightening. The person may fear that he is going to lose control of himself or his mind. Some panic sufferers develop avoidance behaviors as a way to deal with their fears about panic attacks. What Is Agoraphobia? About one-third of those with panic disorder will develop this separate anxiety disorder. Agoraphobia involves a severe fear of being in certain situations and having panic attacks or other similar panic-like symptoms, such as fainting, feeling dizzy or lightheaded, vomiting, or experiencing a migraine headache. In particular, people with agoraphobia are afraid of having a panic attack in circumstances from which it would be extremely difficult and/or humiliating to escape. A person with agoraphobia may also be fearful of having a panic attack in a place where he feels no one would be able to help him. Fears associated with agoraphobia often lead to persistent avoidance behaviors. What Are Avoidance Behaviors? Common feared and avoided situations for people with agoraphobia include crowds, large open spaces, elevators, bridges, and traveling. Avoidance behaviors often occur in groups of related fears. For example, an agoraphobic who fears having a panic attack while driving may also begin avoiding other means of transportation, such as being a passenger on a bus, train, or plane. Avoidance behaviors tend to grow over time and can impair the agoraphobic’s quality of life. The person’s work, home, and other responsibilities may suffer. For example, an agoraphobic may not be able to travel to important appointments, attend special occasions, or perform common day-to-day activities. Avoidance behaviors can intensify to the point that the person becomes homebound with agoraphobia. It may be difficult to comprehend how a person can develop avoidance behaviors. To get a better understanding of avoidance behaviors, imagine that you have the panic disorder: you are in a crowded movie theater when you experience an unexpected panic attack. You begin to tremble, your chest hurts, your heart races, and you feel as though you are choking. You don’t want to make a scene, but you start fearing for your life. You wonder if you are having a medical emergency. You begin to feel as though you are watching yourself from a distance. You feel trapped in the movie theater, and despite your embarrassment, you run out of the theater. After you left and your symptoms have subsided, you feel ashamed about how you reacted. The next time a friend invites you to go see a movie, you decline, finding it too difficult to go again. You begin fearing having a panic attack in other similar situations  and start avoiding other crowded areas, such as shopping malls or concerts. Your avoidance behaviors begin to put restrictions on your life. Overcoming Avoidance Behaviors Once a person develops avoidance behaviors, it can become extremely challenging to face feared situations. Avoidance behaviors may feel comforting, giving the person temporary relief from anxiety. But these behaviors only reinforce their fear and anxiety in the long run. Agoraphobia and avoidance behaviors can worsen if left untreated. Fortunately, there are treatment options that can help in managing agoraphobia and overcoming avoidance behaviors. A typical treatment will involve a combination of medication and therapy. A treatment process, known as systematic desensitization, is often utilized to help the person gradually face his avoided and feared situations. A person with agoraphobia often finds it comforting to confront his fears when accompanied by a trusted friend or family member. Through treatment and the support of loved ones, a person with agoraphobia can expect to manage his fears, experience fewer panic attacks and avoidance behaviors, and resume a more independent life.

Avoidance Behaviors and Agoraphobia

Avoidance Behaviors and Agoraphobia More in Panic Disorder Related Conditions Symptoms Diagnosis Treatment Coping Panic disorder is an anxiety disorder that is characterized by recurring and unanticipated panic attacks. These attacks involve many physical symptoms, including shaking, sweating, shortness of breath, chest pain, and nausea. Panic attacks may also occur with cognitive symptoms, such as derealization and depersonalization, in which the sufferer feels disconnected from themselves and their surroundings. Panic attack symptoms can be difficult to manage. While having a panic attack, it is not unusual for a person to perceive his experience as frightening. The person may fear that he is going to lose control of himself or his mind. Some panic sufferers develop avoidance behaviors as a way to deal with their fears about panic attacks. What Is Agoraphobia? About one-third of those with panic disorder will develop this separate anxiety disorder. Agoraphobia involves a severe fear of being in certain situations and having panic attacks or other similar panic-like symptoms, such as fainting, feeling dizzy or lightheaded, vomiting, or experiencing a migraine headache. In particular, people with agoraphobia are afraid of having a panic attack in circumstances from which it would be extremely difficult and/or humiliating to escape. A person with agoraphobia may also be fearful of having a panic attack in a place where he feels no one would be able to help him. Fears associated with agoraphobia often lead to persistent avoidance behaviors. What Are Avoidance Behaviors? Common feared and avoided situations for people with agoraphobia include crowds, large open spaces, elevators, bridges, and traveling. Avoidance behaviors often occur in groups of related fears. For example, an agoraphobic who fears having a panic attack while driving may also begin avoiding other means of transportation, such as being a passenger on a bus, train, or plane. Avoidance behaviors tend to grow over time and can impair the agoraphobic’s quality of life. The person’s work, home, and other responsibilities may suffer. For example, an agoraphobic may not be able to travel to important appointments, attend special occasions, or perform common day-to-day activities. Avoidance behaviors can intensify to the point that the person becomes homebound with agoraphobia. It may be difficult to comprehend how a person can develop avoidance behaviors. To get a better understanding of avoidance behaviors, imagine that you have the panic disorder: you are in a crowded movie theater when you experience an unexpected panic attack. You begin to tremble, your chest hurts, your heart races, and you feel as though you are choking. You don’t want to make a scene, but you start fearing for your life. You wonder if you are having a medical emergency. You begin to feel as though you are watching yourself from a distance. You feel trapped in the movie theater, and despite your embarrassment, you run out of the theater. After you left and your symptoms have subsided, you feel ashamed about how you reacted. The next time a friend invites you to go see a movie, you decline, finding it too difficult to go again. You begin fearing having a panic attack in other similar situations  and start avoiding other crowded areas, such as shopping malls or concerts. Your avoidance behaviors begin to put restrictions on your life. Overcoming Avoidance Behaviors Once a person develops avoidance behaviors, it can become extremely challenging to face feared situations. Avoidance behaviors may feel comforting, giving the person temporary relief from anxiety. But these behaviors only reinforce their fear and anxiety in the long run. Agoraphobia and avoidance behaviors can worsen if left untreated. Fortunately, there are treatment options that can help in managing agoraphobia and overcoming avoidance behaviors. A typical treatment will involve a combination of medication and therapy. A treatment process, known as systematic desensitization, is often utilized to help the person gradually face his avoided and feared situations. A person with agoraphobia often finds it comforting to confront his fears when accompanied by a trusted friend or family member. Through treatment and the support of loved ones, a person with agoraphobia can expect to manage his fears, experience fewer panic attacks and avoidance behaviors, and resume a more independent life.